CONSTITUTION

Indian Polity and Constitution : Constitution - 

Constitution is the foundational law of a country which ordains the fundamental principles on which the government (or the governance) of that country is based. It lays down the framework and principal functions of various organs of the government as we as the modalities of interaction between the government and its citizens. With the exception of the United Kingdom (U.K.), almost all democratic countries possess a written constitution. India also possesses an elaborate written constitution which was enacted by a constituent assembly specifically set up for the purpose.

MISCELLANY - FIRSTS IN INDIA (MALE)

Firsts in India (Male) : 

• First Governor of Bengal  -  Lord Clive (1757-60)


• Last Governor of Bengal  -  Warren Hastings (1772-74)


• First Governor General of Bengal  -  Warren Hastings (1774-85)


• First Governor General of India  -  Lord William Bentic (1833-35)


• Last Governor General of India  -  Lord Canning (1856-62)


• First Viceroy of India  -  Lord Canning (1856-62)


• First President of Indian National Congress  -  W.C. Banerjee


• First Indian Governor General of Independent India  -  C.Rajgopalachari (21.06.1948 - 25.01.1950)


• First Indian to pass ICS  -  Surendra Nath Banerjee


• First Indian I.C.S. Officer  -  Satyendra Nath Tagore


• First Governor General of India (after independence)  -  Lord Louis Mountbatten (15 Aug, 1947 - 20 June, 1948)


• First Indian Cosmonaut (to go into space)  -  Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma


• First temporary President of the Constituent Assembly  -  Dr. Sachchida Nand Sinha


• First Commander-in-Chief of Free India  -  General K.M. Cariappa


• First Indian Nobel Laureate  -  Rabindra Nath Tagore


• First Indian Judge of the International Court of Justice  -  Dr. Nagendra Singh


• First Indian to get Bharat Ratna Award  -  Dr. S. Radhakrishnan


• First Field Marshal  -  General S.F.J. Manekshaw


• First President of Constituent Assembly  -  Dr. Rajendra Prasad


• First Indian to swim across English Channel  -  Mihir Sen

GALAXY

Geography - Galaxy : 

• A Galaxy is a vast system of billions of stars, which also contains a large number of gas clouds (mainly of hydrogen gas) and dust, isolated in space from similar systems.


• There are about 100 billion galaxies (10¹¹ Galaxies) in the Universe, and each galaxy has, on an average, 100 billion stars (10¹¹ Stars). So , the total number of stars in the Universe is 10²² stars.


• The Milky Way Galaxy is the home of the Earth and our Solar System. It is spiral in shape.


• Milky Way Galaxy was formed 5 billion years after the Big Bang.


• Latest Known Galaxy is the Dwarf Galaxy.


• According to the modern thought, Universe can be classified into two parts namely  - (a) Atmosphere and (b) Space.


• Origin of the Universe is explained by the Big Bang Theory, formulated and proposed by the Belgian astronomer and cosmologist Georges Lemaitre.


• Andromeda is our nearest galaxy.

UNIVERSE

Geography - Universe : 

• The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all physical matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies and the contents of intergalactic space.

• The study of Universe is known as Cosmology. Cosmology = cosmos (universe) + logos (science)

• The Universe has no limit.

IMPORTANT TERMS OF BIOLOGY

BIOLOGY - Important Terms :

• Anatomy: Study of internal structure of organism.


• Agrology: Soil science dealing specially with production of crop.


• Agronomy: Science of soil management and production of crop.


• Agrostology: Study of grass.


• Arthrology: Study of joints.


• Apiculture: Rearing of honey bee for honey.


• Anthropology: Study of origin, development and relationship between the culture of past and present human.


• Anthology: Study of flower and flowering plant.


• Angiology: Study of blood vascular system including arteries and veins.


• Andrology: Study of male reproductive organ.


• Bryology: Study of Bryophytes


• Biometrics: Statical study of Biological problem.


• Biomedical Engineering: Production and designing of spare part for overcoming various defects in man e.g. artificial limbs, Iron lung, Pacemaker etc.


• Biotechnology: Technology concerned with living beings for wilful manipulation on molecular level.


• Bacteriology: Study of Bacteria.